In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Roman Catholics . No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly From there we will look at the career . The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. VAT reg no 816865400. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. By 1568 most people had accepted. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Edward VI - Wikipedia Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. - Leith blockade. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. PDF Elizabethan England 155888. (Paper 2) Model - The Oakwood Academy After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u Use your outline This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. 1. - navy to firth of Forth. He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Bitesize When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. It had to deal with Irish . Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. France was at war with England and Spain. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Mary was spared. Those who refused this were sent to prison. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. West Yorkshire, Dedicated to. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. West Yorkshire, The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Boston House, 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . King Philip of Spain sent an. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. The war was going badly for England. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. At the start of her reign in 1558, Elizabeth faced many problems it was a very tumultuous time for her. First English colony in Virginia established. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. PDF Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 - Oasis Academy South Bank Born: 7 September 1533. Henry himself gave people cause . Boston House, 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. Topic guides / This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Manage Settings In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Company Reg no: 04489574. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. VAT reg no 816865400. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. 214 High Street, Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. Write a paragraph or two. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u West Yorkshire, Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. - death of henry II. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. 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