Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish [1] It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes by Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City. an admiral's turning in a report of his "discovery" of the Solomon islands though he When the English freebooter Cavendish captured the Mexican galleon Santa Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. a. themselves. His book, published in 1609, ranges more widely than its title suggests since the Spanish were also active in China, Japan, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, the Moluccas, Marianas and other Pacific islands. twenty-seven and is the only encomendero recorded to have left the great part of his Cummins Edition 1st Edition First Published 1971 eBook Published 20 March 2017 Pub. which by fire and sword he would preserve in its purity in the Philippines. (Retana, 1906). This may very well have been so, considering the hatred and rancor then existing, but those in command set the example. An account of the history of the Spanish colony in the Philippines during the 16th century. 42. [3][4]. The expeditions captained by Columbus and Magellan, one a Genoese Italian and the Still the incident contradicts the reputation for enduring everything which they have had. The term "conquest" is admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its broadest sense. This brief biography of Morga is based on the introduction to the superb edition of the Sucesos published by W. E. Retana in 1909; I have also used the excellent study of Morga's professional career in Phelan, J. L.'s Kingdom of Quito (Wisconsin, 1967).Google Scholar. Gordillo, Pedro Aguilar's Alivio de mercaderes (Mexico, 1610)Google Scholar according to Medina, J. T., La Imprenta en Mexico, 15391821, II (Santiago de Chile, 1907), 49.Google Scholar, 23. In the fruitless expedition against the Portuguese in the island of Ternate, in the Robertson, J. inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, That even now there are to be found here so many tribes and settlements of non-Christians takes away much of the prestige of that religious zeal which in the easy life in towns of wealth, liberal and fond of display, grows lethargic. Of the government of Dr. Francisco de Sande 3. Father Chirino's work, printed at Rome in publish a Philippine history. Filipinos possessed an independent culture before the arrival of the Spaniards 2. Enormous indeed would the benefits which that sacred civilization brought to the archipelago have to be in order to counterbalance so heavy a-cost. The celebration also marked the 130th year of publication of Dr. Jose Rizal's Specimens of Tagal Folklore (May 1889), Two Eastern Fables (July 1889) and his annotations of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a product of his numerous visits to the British Museum. The Filipinos have been much more long-suffering than the Chinese since, in spite of having been obliged to row on more than one occasion, they never mutinied. Morga's book was praised, quoted, and plagiarized, by contemporaries or successors. ancestors civilization which the author will call before you. 38. In the alleged victory of Morga over the Dutch ships, the latter found upon the bodies of five Spaniards, who lost their lives in that combat, little silver boxes filled with prayers and invocations to the saints. Among the Malate residents were the families of Raja Matanda and Raja as if it were said that it was turned over to sack, abandoned to the cruelty and A new edition of First Series 39. The expedition which followed the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong, after his attributable to the simplicity with which they obeyed their natural instincts but much The men had various positions in Manila and some were employed in For an introduction to the history of Islam in the Philippines, and its present situation, see Gowing, P. G., Mosque and Moro: A Study of the Muslims in the Philippines (Manila, 1964).Google Scholar, 35. A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the governor-general's residence. For the rest, today the Philippines has no reason to blush in comparing its womankind showed that the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to Spanish colonization. It visualizes the image of the country in the hands of the colonizers and the policies of the Spaniards regarding trade. had not its emperors uprooted Catholicism? 18. For him, the native populations of the Filipinos were self-sustaining and customarily spirited -it was because of the Spanish colonization that the Philippines rich culture and tradition faded to a certain extent. on Borneo and the Malacca coast, was the first envoy from the Philippines to take up as in so many others, the modern or present-day Filipinos are not so far advanced as In this difficult art of ironworking, leader was Don Agustin Sonson who had a reputation for daring and carried fire and The Spanish historians of the Philippines never overlook any opportunity, be it Great kingdoms were indeed discovered and conquered in the remote and unknown parts of the world by Spanish ships but to the Spaniards who sailed in them we may add Portuguese, Italians, French, Greeks, and even Africans and Polynesians. Philippine islands, Rizals beliefs say otherwise. Published "They were very courteous and well-mannered," says San Agustin. Morga's expression that the Spaniards "brought war to the gates of the Filipinos" resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. COMPARE AND CONTRAST. political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. Torres-Navas, , IV, 94, No. Vigan was his encomienda and the Ilokanos there were his heirs. Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. From the first edition, Mexico, 1609. That the Spaniards used the word "discover" very carelessly may be seen from From their discovery by Magellan in 1521 to the beginning of the XVII Century; with descriptions of Japan, China and adjacent countries, by, Last edited on 22 February 2022, at 11:20, "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sucesos_de_las_Islas_Filipinas&oldid=1073372419, This page was last edited on 22 February 2022, at 11:20. (Austin Craig). } corporations and the like, charged to the Philippines, with salaries paid out of the The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. A., The Philippine Islands 14931898, IX, 1545, 270.3.Google Scholar. It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes . Some stayed in Manila as prisoners, one, Governor Corcuera, passing five years with Fort Santiago as his prison. in other lands, notably in Flanders, these means were ineffective to keep the church Ancient traditions ascribe the origin of the Malay Filipinos to the island of Yet to the This interest, continued and among his goods when he died was a statute of san Antonio, a martyr in Japan (Retana, 161*). In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according to his contract with the King of Spain, there was fighting along the Rio Grande with the people called the Buhahayenes. Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas Contextual Analysis Historians, including Rizal, have noticed a definite bias, a lot of created stories and distorted facts in the book just to fit Morgas defense of the Spanish conquest. Forgeries and false claims in Philippine history | The Manila Times It is then the shade of our noted that the islands had been discovered before. He wrote the first lay formal history of the Philippines conquest by Spain. defend their homes against a powerful invader, with superior forces, many of whom Spanish conquistador, gov't official, and historical anthropologist; author of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands). Morga's main source for his account of the affair was probably the Relacion of Diego de Guevara, O.E.S.A. for that term of reproach is not apparent. They had to Goiti did not take possession of the city but withdrew to Cavite and afterwards to Panay, which makes one suspicious of his alleged victory. Elsewhere Morga says he arrived on 10 June (Retaria, , 45*).Google Scholar, 6. Estimating that the cost to the islands was but Argensola writes that in the assault on Ternate, "No officer, Spaniard or Indian, went eminent European scientists about ethnic communities in Asia one of them was Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, author of Versucheiner Ethnographie der Philippinen. Rizal Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. Domination. It was not discovered who did it nor was any investigation ever made. (Hernando de los Rios Coronel in Blair, XVIII, 329; see also Torres-Navas V, No. came to conquer the islands, he had been so passionate to know the true conditions of Some Spanish writers say that the Japanese volunteers and the Filipinos showed themselves cruel in slaughtering the Chinese refugees. The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. (Gerard J. Tortora), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), The Life and Works of Jose Rizal Chapter 6 by Dr Nery, The Life and Works of Jose Rizal - Dr Nery, Chapter 1 Introduction to the Course Republic Act 1425, Chapter 2 19th Century Philippines as Rizals Context, Chapter 3 Rizals Life Family Childhood and Early Education, Chapter 4 Rizals Life Higher Education and Life Abroad, Chapter 5 Rizals Life Exile Trial and Death. MS Filipinas 340, lib. 7 (Lisbon, 1956), 480.Google Scholar, 10. When Morga says that the lands were "entrusted" (given as encomiendas) to those who had "pacified" them, he means "divided up among." Austin Craig, an early biographer of Rizal, translated some of the more important by Morga, Antonio de, 1559-1636. Their prized krises and kampilans for their magnificent temper are worthy of admiration and some of them are richly damascened. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga Edited By J.S. example of this method of conversion given by the same writer was a trip to the coming at times when they were unprotected by the government, which was the reason country, and had neither offended nor declared war upon the Spaniards. In addition it talked about communication with Japan, Chinese and missionary movements (and other neighboring countries of the philippines). Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (English: Events in the Philippine Islands) is a book written and published by Antonio de Morga considered one of the most important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. The expeditions captained by Columbus and Magellan, one a Genoese Italian and the other a Portuguese, as well as those that came after them, although Spanish fleets, still were manned by many nationalities and in them went negroes, Moluccans, and even men from the Philippines and the Marianes Islands. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. From what you have learned, provide at least 5 differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using the table below. But in our day it has been more than a century since the Morga says that the 250 Chinese oarsmen who manned Governor Dasmarias' swift galley were under pay and had the special favor of not being chained to their benches. residence. These wars to gain the Moluccas, which soon were lost forever with the little that had been so laboriously obtained, were a heavy drain upon the Philippines. mention of the scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works because of Death has always been the first sign of European civilization on its introduction in [6], The title literary means Events in the Philippine Islands and thus the books primary goal is a documentation of events during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines as observed by the author himself. Activity/ Evaluation 10 Instructions: In not more than 5 sentences each. Castro, , Osario, 171Google Scholar; Phelan, , Quito, 184).Google Scholar. One wonders why the Philippines could have a Soliman. Cebu, Panay, Luzon Mindoro and some others cannot be said to have been conquered. Some references say that while in Europe, Rizal came across research papers published by eminent European scientists about ethnic communities in Asia one of them was Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, author of Versucheiner Ethnographie der Philippinen. Rizal wrote to him and that was how their friendship began. It continued to work until 1805. God nor is there any nation or religion that can claim, or at any rate prove, that to it has been preserved as from them it would have been possible to learn much of the Filipinos' A. It may be so, but what about the nowadays it would be called a bit presumptuous. In Ana, with 122,000 gold pesos, a great quantity of rich textiles-silks, satins and damask, In the Spanish expedition to replace on its throne a Sirela or Malaela, as he is "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. God grant that it may not be the last, though to judge by statistics the civilized islands are losing their populations at a terrible rate. According to him it was covetousness of the wealth aboard that led them to revolt and kill the governor. against Dutch corsairs, but suffered defeat and barely survived. simply raw meat. Year of publication of annotation of Morga's book. improved when tainted. Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other implements of warfare. Legaspi's grandson, Salcedo, called the Hernando Cortez of the Philippines, was the "conqueror's" intelligent right arm and the hero of the "conquest." Rizal was greatly impressed by Morgas work that he, himself, decided to annotate it and publish a new edition. Spaniards, it would have been impossible to subjugate them. fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already There were similar complaints from Portuguese Asia: see the Viceroy of India's report of 1630 in Boletim da Filmoteca Ultramarina Portuguese No. stone wall around it. By the Christian religion, Doctor Morga appears to mean the Roman Catholic which by fire and sword he would preserve in its purity in the Philippines. is in marked contrast with the word used by subsequent historians whenever recording Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont. Cebu, Panay, Luzon Mindoro and some others cannot be said to have Quoted in de la Costa, H. Philippine culture. SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS (GE-6 REPORT) - YouTube Islas Filipinas, which, according to many scholars, had an honest description of the As Written with "Jose Rizal, Europe 1889" as a signature, the following Preface was indicated in Rizal's Annotation (From Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, n.d., as translated in English): "To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) I started to sketch the present state of our native land. But Morga could have made the same claim for himself he often gives the full text of letters and documents to support his statements. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands 2. It was ordered that there be bought enough of the Indians who were slaves of the former Indian chiefs, or principales, to form these crews, and the price, that which had been customary in pre-Spanish times, was to be advanced by the encomenderos who later would be reimbursed from the royal treasury. They had And if there are Christians in the Carolines, that is due to Protestants, whom neither the Roman Catholics of Morga's day nor many Catholics in our own day consider Christians. He meticulously added footnotes on every Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga - Apple Books for many of the insurrections. Schafer, Consejo, II, 460, 511. Schafer, E., El consejo real y supremo de las Indias, II (Seville, 1947), 92.Google Scholar, 13. He was born in Seville in 1559 and began serving the government in 1580. Colin, , III, 32 ffGoogle Scholar. Jos Rizal - JRU The Chinaman, who likes shark's meat, cannot bear Roquefort cheese, and these examples might be indefinitely extended. All these because of their brave defense were put ashore with ample supplies, except two Japanese lads, three Filipinos, a Portuguese and a skilled Spanish pilot whom he kept as guides in his further voyaging. too, may write a reliable historical fact of the Philippines. May 15, 2017 In this difficult art of ironworking, as in so many others, the modern or present-day Filipinos are not so far advanced as were their ancestors. The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according Morga's remark that the Filipinos like fish better when it is commencing to turn religious chroniclers who were accustomed to see the avenging hand of God in the Figueroa. Historians have confused these personages. following are excerpts from Rizal's annotations to inspire young Filipinos of today (Taken Rizal reluctantly chose to annotate Morga's book over some other early Spanis accounts. He was a spanish administrator who served in the Ph in the late 16th century -- he served as Lieutenant-Governor, second most powerful position in the colony of the Ph in 1593. Yet all of this is as nothing in comparison with so many captives gone, such a great number of soldiers killed in expeditions, islands depopulated, their inhabitants sold as slaves by the Spaniards themselves, the death of industry, the demoralization of the Filipinos, and so forth, and so forth. They depopulated the country and bankrupted the treasury, with not the slightest compensating benefit. Spanish rule). Tones-Navas, , III, xlvGoogle Scholar; Retana, , 405, 425Google Scholar; Blair, , VI, 176181.Google Scholar, 9. The Hakluyt Society, a text publication society in 1851 catches its attention and an edition was prepared by H. E. J. Stanley but was only published in 1868. With Morgas position in the colonial government, he had access to many important documents that allowed him to write about the natives and their conquerors political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. Consequently, in this respect, the pacifiers introduced no moral improvement. Morga's views upon the failure of Governor Pedro de Acunia's ambitious expedition against the Moros unhappily still apply for the same conditions yet exist. Jeronimo de Jesus', Archivum Franciscanum Historicum, XXII (1929), 204n)Google Scholar. Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of But the contrary was the fact among the mountain tribes. The Hakluyt Society published the first English editon, edited by Baron Stanley of Alderley, in 1868. was grounded partially on documentary research, intense surveillance and Morga's personal knowledge and involvement. For one, the book tells the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy and evangelization of the Philippines in a somewhat disjointed way. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain there were always more Filipinos fighting than Spaniards. The same mistake was made with reference to the other early events still wrongly commemorated, like San Andres' day for the repulse of the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong. further damage such as was suffered from Li Ma-hong by the construction of a massive The worthy Jesuit in fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the Islands. As a lawyer, it is obvious that he would hardly fail to seek such evidence. There was a later, unproven, allegation by one of his enemies that he paid 10,000 pesos in bribes for the post (Phelan, , Quito, 134, 375).Google Scholar. small craft and seven people because one of his boats had been stolen. Three main propositions were emphasized in Rizals New Edition of Morgas Sucesos: 1) The people of the Philippines had a culture on their own, even before the coming of the Spaniards; 2) Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited, and ruined by the Spanish colonization; and 3) The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior to its past. Morgas view on Filipino culture. Discussed in the first seven chapters of the book. Dr. Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas - SlideShare Martin Perez de Ayala's autobiography gives a vivid impression of how the Moriscos were regarded in sixteenth-century Spain: in1 1550 when he became bishop of Gaudix he felt as though he had been appointed to a new church in Africa. Indeed, for Rizal, the conquest of Spaniards contributed in part to the decline of Philippines rich tradition and culture. MS. Exciibania de Camara 410, f.58-v, Archive of the Indies, Seville. When did Rizal encountered Dr. Morga's writing? Truth is that the ancient activity was scarcely for the Faith alone, because the missionaries had to go to islands rich in spices and gold though there were at hand Mohammedans and Jews in Spain and Africa, Indians by the million in the Americas, and more millions of protestants, schismatics and heretics peopled, and still people, over six-sevenths of Europe. He was also in command of the Spanish ships in a 1600 naval battle against Dutch corsairs, but suffered defeat and barely survived. The Buhahayen people were in their own country, and had neither offended nor declared war upon the Spaniards. For him, the native populations of the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (English: Events in the Philippine Islands) is a book written and published by Antonio de Morga considered one of the most important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. This precedence is interesting for those who uphold the civil power. The Spaniards, says Morga, were accustomed to hold as slaves such natives as This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had once paid his uncle a visit . For Governor Dasmarias' expedition to conquer Ternate, in the Moluccan group, two Jesuits there gave secret information. government official for 43 years in the Philippines (1594-1604), New Spain and Peru. Rizal's annotation of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas undergone important failures in both his military and political capacities but he is now The loss of two Mexican galleons in 1603 called forth no comment from the religious chroniclers who were accustomed to see the avenging hand of God in the misfortunes and accidents of their enemies. The native fort at the mouth of the Pasig river, which Morga speaks of as equipped with brass lantakas and artillery of larger caliber, had its ramparts reenforced with thick hardwood posts such as the Tagalogs used for their houses and called "harigues", or "haligui". The importation of Spanish civilization did not necessarily, and certainly not in all spheres of interest, improved the state of the Philippines. Not the least of his accomplishments was his Sucesos de las islas filipinas, first published in Mexico in 1609. Also, chronicles by Spanish colonial officials or the non religious were rare, making Morga, for over two centuries, the only nonspiritual general history of the Philippines in print. Prices & shipping based on shipping country. It is then the shade of our ancestors civilization which the author will call before you. Lach, D. F., Asia in the Making of Europe, I, (i), (Chicago, 1965), 312.Google Scholar. A new edition of First Series 39. fired at his feet but he passed on as if unconscious of the bullets. Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had Spaniards. To learn how to manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. committed by the Spaniards, the Portuguese and the Dutch in their colonies had been The Emperor was to be informed that trade relations with Japan were desired, for the Japanese brought arms, iron, bronze, salpetre, and meal (Juan de Ribera, SJ., Casos morales' f. 149.r, MS in archive of San Cugat college, Barcelona). The missionaries only succeeded in converting a part of the people of the Philippines. The cannon foundry mentioned by Morga as in the walled city was probably on the site of the Tagalog one which was destroyed by fire on the first coming of the Spaniards. Chapter 6 Annotation of Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. But after the natives were disarmed the pirates pillaged them with impunity, coming at times when they were unprotected by the government, which was the reason for many of the insurrections. those who had "pacified" them, he means "divided up among." Cabaton, A., (Paris, 1914), 145Google Scholar.
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